JAMES VAN BLARICUM

Tertiary - Period of geological time about 65 - 1.64 million years ago.( signal oil and gas company )

We cannot use crude oil in the state it’s in when it comes out of the ground. The process is a little more complicated than that. So, how does thick, black crude oil come out of the ground and eventually get into your car as a thin, amber-colored liquid called gasoline? Let’s find out.

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These acids differ in their characteristics. Choice of the acid and any additives for a given situation depends on the underground reservoir characteristics and the specific intention of the treatment, for example near well bore damage removal, dissolution of scale in fractures, etc. james van blaricum





Hydrogenation - Reacting coal with hydrogen at high pressures, usually in presence of a catalyst.( signal oil & gas company )


Assuming a pipeline company obtains all the required permits and satisfies all of the regulatory requirements, construction of the pipe may begin. Extensive surveying of the intended route is completed, both aerial and land based, to ensure that no surprises pop up during actual assembly of the pipeline.

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Although research has improved the odds since Edwin Drake’s days, petroleum exploration today is still a gamble. Geologists study underground rock formations to find areas that might yield oil. Still, even with advanced methods, only about 33 in every 100 exploratory wells have oil. The rest come up “dry.” james e van blaricum




Pipelines can be characterized as interstate or intrastate. Interstate pipelines carry natural gas across state boundaries, in some cases clear across the country. Intrastate pipelines, on the other hand, transport natural gas within a particular state. This section will cover the fundamentals of interstate natural gas pipelines, but the technical and operational details discussed are essentially the same for intrastate pipelines.( james van blaricum )

Arcasolve™ comes very close to being the ideal system for matrix acidizing described in [2]. Depending on the pump rate, typically 90% or more of the acid is delivered after the fluid has been placed.

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Development expenditure - All costs including financing costs, E&A expenditures incurred in bringing a field to commercial production and is defined as tangible assets. signal oil and gas company





Condensate - Liquid mixture of pentane and higher hydrocarbons.( james e van blaricum )


Gas processing is an instrumental piece of the natural gas value chain. It is instrumental in ensuring that the natural gas intended for use is as clean and pure as possible, making it the clean burning and environmentally sound energy choice. Once the natural gas has been fully processed, and is ready to be consumed, it must be transported from those areas that produce natural gas, to those areas that require it.

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Turbine compressors gain their energy by using up a small proportion of the natural gas that they compress. The turbine itself serves to operate a centrifugal compressor, which contains a type of fan that compresses and pumps the natural gas through the pipeline. Some compressor stations are operated by using an electric motor to turn the same type of centrifugal compressor. This type of compression does not require the use of any of the natural gas from the pipe, however it does require a reliable source of electricity nearby. Reciprocating natural gas engines are also used to power some compressor stations. These engines resemble a very large automobile engine, and are powered by natural gas from the pipeline. The combustion of the gas powers pistons on the outside of the engine, which serves to compress the natural gas. signal oil & gas company




Installing well casing is an important part of the drilling and completion process. Well casing consists of a series of metal tubes installed in the freshly drilled hole. Casing serves to strengthen the sides of the well hole, ensure that no oil or natural gas seeps out of the well hole as it is brought to the surface, and to keep other fluids or gases from seeping into the formation through the well. A good deal of planning is necessary to ensure that the proper casing for each well is installed. Types of casing used depend on the subsurface characteristics of the well, including the diameter of the well (which is dependent on the size of the drill bit used) and the pressures and temperatures experienced throughout the well. In most wells, the diameter of the well hole decreases the deeper it is drilled, leading to a type of conical shape that must be taken into account when installing casing.( signal oil & gas company )

Pipelines are produced in steel mills, which are sometimes specialized to produce only pipeline. There are two different production techniques, one for small diameter pipes and one for large diameter pipes. For large diameter pipes, from 20 to 42 inches in diameter, the pipes are produced from sheets of metal which are folded into a tube shape, with the ends welded together to form a pipe section. Small diameter pipe, on the other hand, can be produced seamlessly. This involves heating a metal bar to very high temperatures, then punching a hole through the middle of the bar to produce a hollow tube. In either case, the pipe is tested before being shipped from the steel mill, to ensure that it can meet the pressure and strength standards for transporting natural gas.

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Spot market - International market in which oil or oil products are traded for immediate delivery at current (spot) price. signal oil & gas company





Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Issued by manufacturer of chemical substances that sets out hazards likely to be encountered by those who come into contact with substance.( signal oil and gas company )


Effective damage removal and matrix stimulation reduce payback periods and lead to increases in the net present value (NPV) of the well.

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Gravity Structures - Either concrete or hybrid (concrete base and steel legs and superstructure) structures that due to weight rest on seabed or piled into it. james van blaricum




Drainhole completions are a form of horizontal or slant drilling. This type of completion consists of drilling out horizontally into the formation from a vertical well, essentially providing a ‘drain’ for the hydrocarbons to run down into the well. In certain formations, drilling a drainhole completion may allow for more efficient and balanced extraction of the targeted hydrocarbons. These completions are more commonly associated with oil wells than with natural gas wells.( james e van blaricum )

In order to develop a natural aquifer into an effective natural gas storage facility, all of the associated infrastructure must also be developed. This includes installation of wells, extraction equipment, pipelines, dehydration facilities, and possibly compression equipment. Since aquifers are naturally full of water, in some instances powerful injection equipment must be used, to allow sufficient injection pressure to push down the resident water and replace it with natural gas. While natural gas being stored in aquifers has already undergone all of its processing, upon extraction from a water bearing aquifer formation the gas typically requires further dehydration prior to transportation, which requires specialized equipment near the wellhead. Aquifer formations do not have the same natural gas retention capabilities as depleted reservoirs. This means that some of the natural gas that is injected escapes from the formation, and must be gathered and extracted by ‘collector’ wells, specifically designed to pick up gas that may escape from the primary aquifer formation.

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Cretaceous - Period of geological time about 144 - 65 million years ago. james e van blaricum





In undamaged formations even significant permeability increases over a 3 to 6 meter radius around the wellbore will result in less dramatic stimulation than achieved when removing damage. There is a practical limit of about a 50% increase in injectivity or productivity of undamaged oil or water wells which can be achieved using matrix stimulation.( james van blaricum )


The effective length of an acidized fracture is limited by the distance that acid travels along the fracture before it is spent. This is controlled by the acid fluid loss, the reaction rate and the fracture flow rate [13]. This problem is particularly severe when the acid reaction rate is high owing to high formation temperature.

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Artificial lift - Any techniques, other than natural drives, for bringing oil to surface. signal oil and gas company




The report analyzes natural gas demand, supply, and transmission in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The demand analysis provides an understanding of the economic and environmental determinants of natural gas consumption to estimate how the various sectors respond to different gas price regimes. The supply analysis develops a basin-by-basin supply picture, and examines potential new sources of supply such as liquefied natural gas and Arctic gas. The transmission portion of the report provides an extensive review of existing and planned infrastructure in North America emphasizing, among other things, the need to maintain the current infrastructure and to ensure its reliability.( signal oil & gas company )

There are a number of different ways of chilling the gas to these temperatures, but one of the most effective is known as the turbo expander process. In this process, external refrigerants are used to cool the natural gas stream. Then, an expansion turbine is used to rapidly expand the chilled gases, which causes the temperature to drop significantly. This rapid temperature drop condenses ethane and other hydrocarbons in the gas stream, while maintaining methane in gaseous form. This process allows for the recovery of about 90 to 95 percent of the ethane originally in the gas stream. In addition, the expansion turbine is able to convert some of the energy released when the natural gas stream is expanded into recompressing the gaseous methane effluent, thus saving energy costs associated with extracting ethane.

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Once the pipe is welded, bent, and coated, it can be lowered into the previously dug trenches. This is done with specialized tracked construction equipment acting in tandem to lift the pipe relatively uniformly and lower it into the trench. Once lowered into the ground, the trench is filled in carefully, to ensure that the pipe and its coating do not incur damage. The last step in pipeline construction is the hydrostatic test. This consists of running water, at pressures higher than will be needed for natural gas transportation, through the entire length of the pipe. This serves as a test to ensure that the pipeline is strong enough, and absent of any leaks of fissures, before natural gas is pumped through the pipeline. james van blaricum



Can I avoid fuel evaporation and loss by keeping my tank almost full? - It shouldn’t be a concern. Technical changes to vehicle fuel systems have virtually eliminated fuel evaporation losses.( signal oil and gas company )

Production Drilling - Drilling of wells in order to bring a field into production.

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People have used petroleum since ancient times. The ancient Chinese and Egyptians burned oil for lighting. james e van blaricum



The Upstream Segment involves the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, from cutting-edge geology to high-tech offshore drilling platforms. The U.S. is the world’s third-largest petroleum producer, with more than 500,000 producing wells and approximately 4,000 oil and natural gas platforms operating in U.S. waters. Combined, they produce almost 2 billion barrels of oil a year!( james e van blaricum )

These acids are often prepared by adding an oil-wetting surfactant to the acid in an effort to create a physical barrier to acid transfer to the rock surface. In order to achieve this the additive must adsorb on the rock surface and form a coherent film.

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OPEC members try to set production levels for petroleum. As a rule, the less oil they produce, the higher the price of oil on the world market. The more oil they produce, the lower the price. The OPEC countries don’t always agree with each other. Some OPEC countries want to produce less oil to raise prices. Other OPEC countries want to flood the market with petroleum to reap immediate returns. signal oil & gas company



Refineries have another job. They remove contaminants from the oil. A refinery removes sulfur from gasoline, for example, to increase its efficiency and to reduce air pollution.( james van blaricum )

Odorant - Substance (for example mercaptan) added to odourless natural gas or NGLs to enable detection.

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Conventional acidizing processes may remove damage up to several inches into the formation but are generally not effective for treatment of deeper damage. Success in treatment of deep formation damage requires the use of highly retarded acids. Arcasolve™ functions as a highly retarded acid suitable for removal of deep damage. signal oil and gas company



Gelled acids are used to retard acid reaction rate in treatments such as acid fracturing. Retardation results from the increased fluid viscosity reducing the rate of acid transfer to the fracture wall. Use of the gelling agents (normally water soluble polymers) is limited to lower temperature formations as most gelling agents degrade rapidly in acid solution at temperatures above 130°F (55°C) .( signal oil and gas company )

Hazard - Object, physical effect, or a condition with potential to harm persons, property or environment.

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Intermediate casing is usually the longest section of casing found in a well. The primary purpose of intermediate casing is to minimize the hazards that come along with subsurface formations that may affect the well. These include abnormal underground pressure zones, underground shales, and formations that might otherwise contaminated the well, such as underground salt-water deposits. In many instances, even though there may be no evidence of an unusual underground formation, intermediate casing is run as insurance against the possibility of such a formation affecting the well. These intermediate casing areas may also be cemented into place for added protection. james e van blaricum



Many oil-producing nations in the Middle East and Latin America have set up their own refining operations since the 1970s, and state-owned oil companies in OPEC countries are now among the world’s largest. Many large oil companies have diversified into chemicals, and oil prices are increasingly set on commodity trading exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange. Beginning in the late 1990s, the industry saw increased consolidation as already large oil companies merged with each other, including Exxon (the largest U.S. oil company) with Mobil (the second largest; forming ExxonMobil), Chevron with Texaco and Unocal as Chevron, British Petroleum with Amoco and ARCO as BP, and Conoco with Phillips Petroleum as ConocoPhillips.( james e van blaricum )

Pliocene - Fifth and most recent division of Tertiary period on geologic time scale from about 12 million to 2 million years ago.

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Research expenditure allowance (R&amp) - Relief makes allowable against a participator’s liability for any field, R&amp costs that do not became allowable in a particular field within three years of being incurred. signal oil and gas company



Multilateral well - More than one horizontal section drilled in one well. Used to maximise number of wells that can be drilled from small installations.( signal oil & gas company )

This multi-volume report responds to a request from the Secretary of Energy for the Council’s advice on the potential implications of new supplies, new technologies, new perceptions of risk, and other evolving market conditions that may affect the potential for natural gas demand, supplies, and delivery through 2025. The report provides insights on energy-market dynamics, including price volatility and future fuel choice, and an outlook on the longer-term sustainability of natural gas supplies. It also provides the Council’s advice on actions that can be taken by industry and government to increase the productivity and efficiency of North American natural gas markets and to ensure adequate and reliable supplies of energy for consumers.

james e van blaricum

Light oil - Shorter chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms. james van blaricum



Conventional acidizing processes may remove damage up to several inches into the formation but are generally not effective for treatment of deeper damage. Success in treatment of deep formation damage requires the use of highly retarded acids. Arcasolve™ functions as a highly retarded acid suitable for removal of deep damage.( james van blaricum )

Development expenditure - All costs including financing costs, E&A expenditures incurred in bringing a field to commercial production and is defined as tangible assets.

james van blaricum

Dual Completion - A well completed to produce from two separate reservoirs. signal oil & gas company

JAMES E. VAN BLARICUM

Well completion commonly refers to the process of finishing a well so that it is ready to produce oil or natural gas. In essence, completion consists of deciding on the characteristics of the intake portion of the well in the targeted hydrocarbon formation. There are a number of types of completions, including:

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We count on our cars to get us where we want to go, when we want to go. That sense of freedom is important to us, but we also want to be sure we do our best to conserve natural resources for future generations.

Texas produces more oil than any other state. The other top producing states are Alaska, California, Louisiana, and Oklahoma–in that order. In all, 31 states produce petroleum.

By proceeding from the lightest hydrocarbons to the heaviest, it is possible to separate the different NGLs reasonably easily.(james van blaricum)


Turbine compressors gain their energy by using up a small proportion of the natural gas that they compress. The turbine itself serves to operate a centrifugal compressor, which contains a type of fan that compresses and pumps the natural gas through the pipeline. Some compressor stations are operated by using an electric motor to turn the same type of centrifugal compressor. This type of compression does not require the use of any of the natural gas from the pipe, however it does require a reliable source of electricity nearby. Reciprocating natural gas engines are also used to power some compressor stations. These engines resemble a very large automobile engine, and are powered by natural gas from the pipeline. The combustion of the gas powers pistons on the outside of the engine, which serves to compress the natural gas.

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Once the pipeline has been installed, and covered up, extensive efforts are taken to restore the pipeline’s pathway to its original state, or to mitigate for any environmental or other impacts that may have occurred during the construction process. This often includes replacing topsoil, fences, irrigation canals, and anything else that may have been removed or upset during the construction process.

Its importance has grown since the mid-1990s. Natural gas is an attractive fuel because it is clean burning and efficient,and because ample supplies of natural gas have been availablefrom domestic resources and from Canada.

Pipeline Markers - Signs on the surface above natural gas pipelines indicate the presence of underground pipelines to the public, to reduce the chance of any interference with the pipeline.(signal oil and gas)

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Natural gas is an attractive fuel because it is clean-burning and efficient. The importance of natural gas as an energy source for the United States has grown since the mid-1990. For the last five to seven years, the price of natural gas has been trending upward in response to the interaction of supply and increased demand. In a project commissioned by API, Lexecon. a unit of business consultancy FTI, has put together a primer called “Understanding Natural Gas Markets” that explains this interaction of market forces.

Natural gas is used in over 60 million homes. In addition, natural gas is used in 78 percent of restaurants, 73 percent of lodging facilities, 51 percent of hospitals, 59 percent of offices, and 58 percent of retail buildings. Natural gas is vital to America’s manufacturers, not only to power their operations, but also as an essential feedstock for many of the products we use daily – clothing, carpets, sports equipment, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, computers, and auto parts. It is also a primary feedstock for chemicals, plastics and fertilizers. Natural gas fuels our economy. It is a clean burning domestic energy source that powers our economy. It cools and warms our homes and businesses, is used to generate electricity, and helps maintain our quality of life.

Americans learned some lessons from the 1973 oil shock. Gas-guzzling cars became about as wanted as last week’s leftovers, and the nation raced to find ways to conserve energy. But more oil shocks followed.(james e van blaricum)


Because of the subterranean origin of petroleum it must be extracted by means of wells . Until an exploratory well, or wildcat, has been dug, there is no sure way of knowing whether or not petroleum lies under a particular site. In order to reduce the number of exploratory wells drilled, scientific methods are used to pick the most promising sites. Sensitive instruments, such as the gravimeter, the magnetometer, and the seismograph, may be used to find subsurface rock formations that can hold crude oil. Drilling is a fairly complex and often risky process. Some wells must be dug several miles deep before petroleum deposits are reached. Many are now drilled offshore from platforms standing in the ocean bed. Usually the petroleum from a new well will come to the surface under its own pressure. Later the crude oil must be pumped out or forced to the surface by injecting water, air, natural gas, steam, carbon dioxide, or another substance into the deposits. Enhanced recovery techniques have increased the percentage of oil that can be extracted from a field.

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For example, if a damaged zone extends 6 inches into a formation and the damaged permeability is only 5% of the undamaged permeability, the affected well will only produce 30% of the production of an undamaged well. Removal of the damage will therefore result in a 3.3-fold increase in production rate .



During the late 19th cent., many of the modern oil companies were created: John D. Rockefeller invested in a Cleveland oil refinery during the Civil War and in 1870 created Standard Oil, which refined about 95% of the United States’ oil in 1880. In 1911, Standard Oil was declared an illegal monopoly and split into 34 companies, including Esso (renamed Exxon in 1972), Mobil, Chevron, Atlantic Richfield (later ARCO), and Amoco. Texaco (founded in 1902), Shell (1907), and British Petroleum (1909) were also established in this period. As the auto industry vastly increased the demand for gasoline refined from oil, oil companies expanded their search for new reserves. In the 1930s oil companies began exploiting a huge E Texas oil field that would eventually produce 4 billion barrels of oil. Chevron, Texaco, Exxon, and Mobil expanded their reserves by purchasing the rights to the extensive Saudi Arabian oil fields for only $50,000. In 1946 oil replaced coal as the world’s most popular energy source.(signal oil & gas)


Pipeline Markers - Signs on the surface above natural gas pipelines indicate the presence of underground pipelines to the public, to reduce the chance of any interference with the pipeline.

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To safeguard the environment, oil drilling and oil production are regulated by state and federal governments. Oil companies must get permission to explore for oil on new lands. Many experts believe that 85 percent of our remaining oil reserves are on land owned by the federal government. Oil companies lease the land from the federal government, which, in return, receives rental payments for the land as well as percentage payments from each barrel of oil.

In addition to compressing natural gas, compressor stations also usually contain some type of liquid separator, much like the ones used to dehydrate natural gas during its processing. Usually, these separators consist of scrubbers and filters that capture any liquids or other undesirable particles from the natural gas in the pipeline. Although natural gas in pipelines is considered ‘dry’ gas, it is not uncommon for a certain amount of water and hydrocarbons to condense out of the gas stream while in transit. The liquid separators at compressor stations ensure that the natural gas in the pipeline is as pure as possible, and usually filters the gas prior to compression.

Horizontal wells are increasingly being used in oil and gas production and their importance is likely to increase further. When bringing these wells into production, the effective clean up of drilling fluid damage along the whole of the production interval is needed. This is particularly important in low permeability formations. This can be readily achieved with Arcasolve™. Because the Arcasolve fluid is not reactive when being placed, the wellbore can be filled before most of the acid is generated. Leak off into the formation is regulated by the filter cake or other damage and there is no fluid loss due to wormholing. Subsequent generation of acid ensures that all of the production interval is treated, with the same amount of acid being supplied to all parts of the wellbore. This results in effective cleanup.(signal oil & gas company)


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Racing Oil, NASCAR oil, etc.

Some manufacturers also sell something they call “racing oil.” Normally, this is actually fairly decent oil, but you should not be mislead into thinking racing cars use the best oils for you. Race drivers start their engine one time only, warm it up slowly and carefully, then run the engine near or at the red line for a couple hours. 100 to 500 miles later, they completely tear down the engine and replace all the worn parts, the oil, and the oil filter. If you think you might like to go more than 500 miles between major engine rebuilds, you might consider that your use of your engine is quite different from Michael Andretti’s.

Signal Oil and Gas - Why do we need oil?

James van Blaricum, we put oil in our engines to serve several purposes. First, obviously, oil acts as a lubricant. If your engine is operating correctly, there is almost no metal to metal contact - everything is riding on a thin film of oil. Jim van Blaricum, however, oil has several other important jobs to do. Signal Oil and Gas circulates throughout your engine, and cools parts that cannot get near a water jacket. For example, it’s becoming common in sport bikes to spray oil on the underside of the piston to cool it. There are no water jackets at all in your transmission. Motorcycle transmissions are oil cooled.

Some manufacturers recommend JASO-MA certified oil. AMSOil and Golden Spectro are JASO-MA certified. Some people consider this important. Interestingly, although Honda recommends a JASO-MA oil, Honda oil is not JASO-MA certified. Mostly JASO-MA is pretty much equivalent to SH. In fact, the JASO spec is mostly a reaction to the decrease in zinc-phosphates in SJ and SL oils, and the added molybdenum disulphide in energy conserving oils. Personally, I don’t care about JASO standards - they’re really not on my radar.

Jim van Blaricum, your piston rings do not do a perfect job of sealing. Some combustion by products will slip past the rings into the engine. This can be little particles of carbon. Remember, diamond is carbon that was combined under heat and pressure. James van Blaricum, these little carbon particles can be quite damaging to your engine. Another job of your oil is to hold these particles in suspension until the oil filter can grab them. Jim van Blaricum, also, if your gasoline has sulpher in it (it does), this sulpher can react with water and oxygen to make sulphuric acid. This is some stuff that is seriously bad for your engine. James van Blaricum, your oil has special ingredients in it called buffers to neutralize acids. Finally, your engine can get internal build ups of tars, waxes, and other gunk. Jim van Blaricum, your oil has solvents to try to dissolve this stuff and get and keep your engine clean.

Commercial (Diesel) Oil

The additive packages for C (commercial) certification are designed to promote engine life. The additive packages for C rated oils contain extra buffers and detergents to keep the engine clean and free of acids. C rated oils are far better than S oils at holding and dispersing combustion byproducts and other contaminants, and at not becoming acidic. Traditionally these oils are primarily used in diesel motors, which are very expensive and are expected to last a million miles or more. When an engine rebuild costs $10,000 - $15,000 and puts you out of work for a week or three, you don’t mind paying a bit more for your oil. The C certification tests have been largely developed by Mack, Caterpillar, Detroit and Cummins to provide the additives necessary to keep these engines running a long time.

Why do we change our oil?

We’re now in a position to discuss this. Your oil is a combination of one or more base oils and a complicated additive package. The base oils will actually last as long as your motorcycle - many hundreds of thousands of miles, several years. The reason we change our oil is the additive package wears out. The buffers get used up neutralizing acids. The detergents and dispersants get used up clinging to gunk that’s too small for your oil filter to pick out. The VII package gets shredded by your transmission. You could imagine a device that pulled out your oil, gave it a very thorough cleaning, replaced the buffers, detergents, and VII molecules, and put it back into your engine. Sort of a motor oil dialysis machine. However, in a country that has Texas and Alaska, in a world where oil is $30 / barrel, this makes no sense. So, we dump out our entire four quarts of oil because 3% of the oil is used up. It’s really just a cheap way of getting a bunch of contaminants out of our engine. This is why it does make sense to recycle oil: if you can process the oil hundreds of gallons at a time, you can separate out the base stocks economically. If you use synthetic oils and bring your used oil to a recycling collection point, you can feel especially good: a bunch of school buses and city buses are going to get an extra little kick in their base oil because of you. In fact, you can tell your wife that’s why you need this exotic, expensive synthetic oil: it’s solely out of your concern for the children. If everybody used Spiffo-Magic SuperLube the recycled oil would be junk, and in no time flat the school buses would all break down and the kids would have to walk to school, 23 miles, in the snow, uphill both ways. Why, in no time flat the kids would lose weight, improve their cardiovascular conditioning, and just generally be more healthy and have more energy. What a nightmare!

API Oil Standards

James van Blaricum The additive package is made to make the finished oil product meet one of the certifications. There are two classes of certification: S, for Service, and C, for commercial. The certification standards are maintained by the API, the American Petroleum Institute. Over the years, the API has improved and changed these standards. The most current S standards are SL and SM. These standards differ from earlier standards like SH by lowering phosphorus to improve catalytic converter life, and increasing molybdenum to lower internal engine friction and improve gas mileage. Phosphorus was originally added to oils to help protect high pressure areas like cam lobes and crankshaft bearings, so lowering phosphorus levels is a compromise of lower pollution, perhaps at the expense of engine life. Jim van Blaricum Molybdenum is added to improve fuel economy due to the federal CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standards, thereby helping GM and Ford keep selling large V8s to the American public, but can perhaps cause problems in engines with wet clutches. Signal Oil Most S additive packages are also designed to be inexpensive so that the resulting oil can be sold at a low price. SL and SM oils are both low phosphorus; SM oils which are labeled “energy conserving” are high molybdenum.

Signal Oil and Gas Where Oil Comes From

Most of the bio-mass on earth is single cell plants and microscopic critters in the ocean. When these die, they sink to the bottom. James van Blaricum, often they fall into a deep crevasse or trench, where they may become covered up by an underwater landslide. Jim van Blaricum, after a couple hundred million years of high pressure and no air, the critters get squished into oil. So, oil isn’t really “dead dinosaurs,” but Signal Oil and Gas Oil stations just wouldn’t be the same with a picture of algie on their sign. Today we like to find this stuff, pump it to the surface, and burn it.

The Signal Oil and Gas we pump to the surface is a mixture of gasoline, kerosene, light weight lubricating oil, motor oil, gear oil, tars, paraffins, waxes, asphalt, sand, dirt, organic stuff (called aromatics) and the occasional dead cockroach. We call this stuff crude oil, for reasons that I think are now self-explanitory. James van Blaricum, the oil companies have the singularly smelly job of separating the crude oil into its component parts. A hundred years ago we would just heat the stuff up in a complicated still, and catch stuff that boiled off at different temperatures. Jim van Blaricum, fifty years ago we started processing the crude oil with clay and solvents to do a more precise job. Today, Signal Oil and Gas use very complicated systems where we heat the crude oil to precise temperatures, put it under high pressure, and bubble hydrogen and other stuff through it. James van Blaricum, the idea of all this is to try to get pure chemicals out of this stuff that we just found laying around in the desert.

The API charges serious money to test an oil and certify it. If the API really tested the oil in their independent lab, and the oil company pays their royalties on time, the oil company gets to display the API seal on their product. Some smaller companies don’t pay the API to test their oils and certify them. James van Blaricum In these cases, you won’t see the API seal, instead you’ll see some words like “Meets or exceeds all manufacturers warranty requirements. API Service SJ, SL, CF.” It’s up to you to decide if you trust this manufacturer to actually test their oil themselves and tell you the truth about the results.

JASO certified Signal Oil

Another institute that certifies oils is called the Japanese Automotive Standards Organization, JASO. One wonders why this Japanese organization has an English name. . . In any case, they have two classifications for motorcycles, “MA” and “MB.” MA is the one you want. MB is like the API SL category, it’s got all those nasty friction reducing chemicals that may scare your clutch into misbehaving. Again, there is an official JASO seal if the oil has been independently tested. The seal is a rectangle; in the upper quarter of the rectangle will be a serial number, and the lower three quarters will just have the letters MA. If the oil manufacturer did their own testing, instead you’ll see just words like “Meets or exceeds JASO MA standards.”

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